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LINK-LEE
HOUSE
3800
Montrose Blvd.
Architect(s): Saguinet, Staats and Barnes
Date: 1911
National
Register Designation (Pending)
The 1912 Link-Lee House is a large, modified rectangular plan, three-story
with basement, Neoclassical structure exhibiting Arts and Crafts influences.
The home's most prominent architectural features include a monumental
portico with elaborate terra cotta and stone detailing of the entablature,
columns, and soffit. The house, sited on an entire city block atop a landscaped
berm, occupies the southwest corner of the intersection of West Alabama
Avenue and Montrose Boulevard in Houston, Texas and was the first house
and showplace for the early twentieth century residential subdivision,
the Montrose Place Addition, a development of Mr. John W. Link's Houston
Land Corporation. The foundation and basement were constructed of reinforced
concrete while the load bearing masonry structure is clad with a light
cream-colored vitrified brick. The building's central, hipped roof is
green, glazed ceramic tile. The Link-Lee House was built facing east,
addressing Montrose Boulevard the main thoroughfare of the subdivision.
The home ís frontality, formality and symmetry dominates this principal
facade. The focus of this main or east faÁade is a large portico,
supported by eight colossal square columns, which projects out above and
beyond the double gallery, full width porches. The formal axiality of
the interior reflects Neoclassical designs tenets while the Arts and Crafts
movement is evidenced in the fine woodwork, build-in cabinets and decorative
glasswork. A two-story carriage house, connected to the main house via
a pergola, echoes the house in materials and workmanship. The Link-Lee
House and carriage house retains a high degree of architectural and historic
integrity.
The house is now the main building for the University of St. Thomas, a
small co-educational Catholic University in the Montrose neighborhood
of inner Houston. Located at a busy intersection of what once was a prominent
residential neighborhood, the Link-Lee house is the last stand out - all
of the other houses once located on the adjacent three corners of this
intersection have fallen to commercial development. This southwest corner,
because of its continual usage, retains its neighborhood feel through
the expansive large green lawns that surround the home on both the east
and south elevations and the extensive landscaping consisting of mature
oaks and magnolia trees, as well as numerous hedges around the perimeter
of the house and younger plantings and a rose garden on the site. Approached
from Montrose Boulevard, a wide sidewalk leads up to the front door separating
into two smaller sidewalks, following the landscaped perimeter of the
house, then reunite under the pergola which leads back to the main house
to the east or to the carriage house further west. Originally only the
house together with its pergola and carriage house occupied the entire
one block site. In 1947-1948 a low, one story classroom building was added
to the western portion of the property fronting Yoakum Boulevard (see
photo 1 and 2). In the 1980ís the original buildingís circular
drive, accessing the property from both West Alabama and Montrose Boulevard,
was replaced to accommodate a parking lot surrounded by a low brick and
cast iron fence along the perimeter of the property near the city sidewalk
along West Alabama and Montrose Boulevard. Vines have been allowed to
grow and cover the brickwork and the fence is not intrusive to the site.
The load bearing masonry house, with a steel beam and column constructed
third floor, sits upon a reinforced concrete foundation and raised basement
which housed the service equipment for the entire house. A limestone water
table encircles the house, which is clad with a light cream-colored vitrified
brick. The central three-story block of the home is covered with a hipped,
glazed, green ceramic tile roof. Subsequent flat roofs for the porches,
bay windows and the portico project out from the central massing creating
upper floor terraces. Although classical in its form, a central modified
rectangular or cruciform plan, the home diverts from strict classicism
with these exaggerated porches and the eastern portico. The full width
porches of the east facade enhance the horizontality of the house while
the central monumental portico projects in a perpendicular plane. These
two dominant yet opposing planes of the exaggerated porches and eastern
portico reflect Frank Lloyd Wright influences and his theories of architecture
to break out of the box.
The east or main faÁade faces Montrose Boulevard, a major inner
city north-south thoroughfare that was once a tree-lined divided esplanade.
The house is sited back from the street on this large corner lot. Conforming
to Neoclassical tenets, the cruciform shaped house is symmetrical and
its formal axiality and frontality are enhanced by the exaggerated eastern
monumental portico which extends beyond the two-story, full width porches
of this elevation. The wide sidewalk approaching the house from Montrose
Boulevard has a series of steps about mid-way to the house. This sidewalk
then separates into two smaller sidewalks that encircle the house to the
north and south just before a second set of steps leading to the front
porch which are flanked by brick stoops with limestone caps (see photo
3). The central paired wooden entry doors and 3/4 side lights with Frank
Lloyd Wright inspired stained glass are surrounded with an engaged, flat
arched, elaborately decorated terra-cotta portico with stylized fluted
columns with brackets supporting a highly decorative limestone entablature
(see photo 4). The door framing is surrounded with marble panels. A secondary
single, glass paneled door, located along the recessed wall of thenorthern
porch, allows access to the house from the porte cochere. The upper porch
gallery is exposed and detailed with a metal balustrade and square brick
corner posts clad in terra-cotta with inset panels and decorative scrolls
on each side below a limestone cap. Two identical recessed side porches,
to the north and south, are constructed and detailed in a similar manner.
All of the windows on the first and second floors of this facade are 1/1
wooden sash with limestone sills except those of the 1922 enclosed southern
first floor porch addition, which included metal windows. The eight, colossal,
square columns of the monumental portico, accented with a terra-cotta
and blue ceramic tile cartouche on each face, are clad in terra-cotta
and support a full entablature which continues around the house. The architrave
is decorated with a geometric patterning of ceramic polychromed tiles
that are inspired again by the designs of Frank Lloyd Wright. The terra-cotta
frieze alternates between hanging pendants and paired modillion blocks
with achanthus detailing flanking a scallop motif. In the soffit are rosettes
that alternate between the hanging pendants. Above, along the cornice
is a band of polychromed tiles inset into terra-cotta crown molding (see
photo 5). The green, clay tile roof is visible above this terra-cotta
band. A corbelled, brick parapet wall extends a foot further above the
roofing tiles enclosing the third floor roof terrace. The two chimneys
on this house are clad in the same brick as the exterior and are decorated
with inset panels and corbelled tops.
The north faÁade continues the lines of the elaborately decorative
entablature and the front porch which extends its detailing to include
the northern projecting porte cochere supported by square, battered brick
columns with decorative terra-cotta capitals (see photo 6). A short flight
of steps leads up onto the first floor side porch from the porte cochere.
The porch balustrade is brick with arched openings and the square brick
support posts are capped with a limestone cap. The projecting porte cochere
creates a second floor terrace enclosed with a metal balustrade and square
brick corner posts with limestone caps as on the east elevation. To the
west of this porte cochere the projecting northern wing culminates with
a curved, two-story bay window containing 1/1 wood windows on the upper
floor and casement windows at the basement level (see photo 7). Immediately
west of the curved projecting northern wing, at the first floor level,
a projecting box bay window with transom and sidelights is detailed with
a lower inset wooden panel and a green, clay tile roof. The remaining
windows of this facade are identical 1/1 wooden sash with limestone sills.
The west elevation contains the central double rear entrance doors, with
inset glass panels, which is approached by a short flight of stairs. To
the left of these doors the building projects forward while to the right
a single story rounded projected bay contains a triple set of 1/1 wooden
sash windows. Above the central doors the second floor level is highlighted
with a large stained glass window that fills the landing of the homeís
wide central staircase. On the upper floors the windows are paired 1/1
wooden sash, while the lower floor contains single 1/1 wooden sash (see
photo 8). A covered sidewalk composed of brick columns with concrete caps
supporting heavy wood timber framing is currently covered with a green
clay tile roof and interconnects the main house with the two story carriage
house to the west (see photo 9 and photo 10). A photograph from 1948 indicates
that originally the pergola was not covered (see photo 11). Clad with
the same cream-colored brick and with 6/1 wooden sash windows the simple
carriage house resembles in color and materials the quality of the main
house. At some point (date unknown) a small single story shed addition
was added to the west elevation of the carriage house.
A two story rectangular bay projects forward on the south elevation containing
dissimilar windows on the upper and lower floors. The a second floor terrace,
located on the east side of this elevation, is encircled by a metal balustrade
with and square brick corner posts matching those on the east and north
elevations. The first floor porch was enclosed in 1922 and its windows
are metal (see photo12).
The original plan of the home did not include a foyer, but instead allowed
access directly into the large, twenty by forty foot, living room containing
two large stone mantle pieces at either end. The main rooms of the home
were arranged to either side of a 15-foot wide stair case hall. Photographs
from 1947 indicate that the interior finishes of the living room had birch
wainscoting and the presence of a paneled wood beam ceiling (see photo
13). To the right and rear of the living room was a 20 by 27-foot dining
room created by the curved projecting northern bay. Behind the dining
room there was a 12 by 14-foot breakfast and the kitchen was beyond. The
side carriage entrance accessed the building through a small glazed passageway
that separated the living and dining rooms on the north side of the house
continued on the south side of the house separating the music room from
the living room, interrupted by the homeís large central hallway
(see photo 14). The library was located behind the music room and contained
glass front bookcases, tapestry wallcovering and a paneled wood beamed
ceiling. The second floor originally contained five bedrooms and three
bathrooms. Casement windows opened from all of the bedrooms onto the large
porches and terraces. The third floor contained a ball room measuring
twenty feet by forty feet, with stenciled wall decorations, and opened
onto the third floor terrace (see photo 15).
The raised basement housed the newest modern service equipment, including
a steam heat system, a fire extinguishing system consisting of two standpipes,
a laundry facility and a vacuuming system for the entire house.
Purchased in 1947 by the Diocese of Galveston on behalf of the Basilian
Fathers of Toronto the Link-Lee House was used as the original building
for the University of St. Thomas, the first co-educational Basilian university
in the United States as well as the first co-undergraduate Catholic university
in Texas (Sechelkski, 9). The Link-Lee House became the first classrooms,
library, and administrative offices for this newly created liberal arts
university. Photographs from 1948 indicate that the first changes to the
property included the construction of a one-story class room building,
fronting Yoakum, located on the western portion of the property (see photo
1). Constructed of brick, the classroom buildings match in color and material
the exterior of the Link-Lee House and are not obtrusive to the site (see
photo 2). Later changes to the site include the reconfiguration of the
original circular drive, which accessed the property from West Alabama
and Montrose Boulevard (see photo 16 and 17), to allow parking for the
universityís growing student population. Carved from lawn that
encompassed the northwest corner of the property, the parking lot was
surrounded by a low brick and iron fence, now covered with vines, that
continues around the perimeter of the property along West Alabama and
Montrose Boulevard. Additional photographs from 1948 of the south and
southwest elevations of the house (see photo. 18-20) show that the house
has remained relatively unaltered except for the addition (date unknown)
of several air conditioning units which were added to several windows
accommodating the need for this modern convenience.
Over time the University of St. Thomas acquired surrounding property and
the Link-Lee House was converted into the universityís administrative
offices. A preliminary visual survey of the Link-Lee House indicates that
the historic structure is in critical need of some immediate repair. The
visible signs and evidence of water damage can be seen in numerous locations
throughout the building. The interior spaces have been altered over the
years to accommodate the growing needs of the University. The interior
configuration of rooms remains relatively unaltered, although many of
the finishes have been substantially changed or removed. Several years
ago extensive damage resulted from a third floor roof leak which resulted
in replacement of much of the plaster walls on the second and third floors.
The dining room wood floor was also replaced, due to damage, with compatible
wood flooring. The wood paneling and beamed ceilings remain on the first
floor. A small section of the tapestry wallcovering in the library was
deliberately retained as a visible reminder of the original wall covering
of the room.
Despite these alterations the Link-Lee House retains a high degree of
its historic fabric as well as sufficient integrity of design, materials,
craftsmanship, location, setting, feeling and association to remain recognizable
to its period of significance.
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
The Link-Lee House is one of the most exceptional examples of Neo-Classical
domestic architecture exhibiting strong Arts and Crafts influences remaining
in Houston. Built in 1912 this home was the showplace for John Wiley Linkís
Houston Land Corporation's newly formed suburban development, the Montrose
Addition. Inspired by the St. Louis private places which incorporated
landscaping and park-like settings to create the ambiance of refined country
living, the Montrose Addition was the largest restricted planned suburban
subdivision in Houston. Prominently sited along the tree-lined esplanade
of Montrose Boulevard, the elegantly designed home, together with its
two-story carriage house and pergola, relates to early 20th century European
and American residential architectural influences in Texas. Altered in
1922 to its present appearance, the Link-Lee House retains a high degree
of its architectural integrity manifested in its highly articulated exterior
detailing, decorative glasswork, and its interior cabinetry and woodworking.
The distinguished architectural firm of Sanguinet, Staats & Barnes
designed the home. Recognized for its stylistic diversity as well as quality
of its residential and commercial designs, the work of this firm helped
to urbanize the look of many cities across Texas. The Link-Lee House demonstrations
the firms ability to subtly blend the formality of an abstract Neo-Classical
design with elements from the Arts and Crafts Movement representing a
significant departure from the predominant residential styles of this
period in Houston. Its affiliation with John Wiley Link and Thomas P.
Lee, its first and second owners respectively, further enhances the significance
of this home. Mr. Link, an influential lumberman, financier, politician,
and outstanding businessman, has been recognized for his business endeavors
as well as for the formation of the Houston Land Companyís development
of the Montrose Addition, one of the largest subdivision projects ever
undertaken by private capital in the south. Thomas P. Lee was a pioneer
and distinguished leader in the early development of the petroleum industry.
Mr. Lee has been credited with much of the early development and growth
of that industry which broadly influenced the economic history of Houston
as well as Texas. In June 1946 the Catholic Diocese of Galveston purchased
the property with plans to establish a co-educational liberal arts Catholic
university, the first co-educational Basilian university in the United
States as well as the first co-educational undergraduate Catholic university
in Texas. The University of St. Thomas was opened in 1947 and the Link-Lee
House served as the Universityís first classrooms, library and
administrative offices. As the University of St. Thomas acquired surrounding
property, the Link-Lee House became and remained the Administration Building
for the University. Later alterations to the property include the addition
of two one-story classroom buildings and the reconfiguration of the original
circular drive and terraced landscaping to accommodate parking and a fence.
The buildingís exterior has undergone few alterations besides the
addition of air conditioning units in several windows. Despite these changes
the Link-Lee House retains a high degree of its integrity of location,
design, setting, materials, workmanship, feeling and association to remain
recognizable to its period of significance. The Link-Lee House is therefore
nominated under Criteria B for its association with both John Wiley Link
and Thomas P. Lee, and Criteria C under Architecture at the local level
of significance.
Before the turn of the century, the land to the southwest of downtown,
which included the Montrose Addition, was prairie used primarily for farming.
The site of this house, Block 41 of the Montrose Addition, originated
from the 1836 Obedience Smith land grant of 3370-acres under headright
certificate number 203. Following Smithís death, her heirs sold
the land. A 23æ-acre tract of land was sold to Mr. W. R. Baker in
1868 who subsequently sold the land to Mr. F. N. Busher in 1870. The Busher
family cultivated and farmed this land for 39 years. After city annexation
of the land in 1903, developers slowly began purchasing parcels for residential
development. On August 29, 1909 this 23æ acre tract of land was
sold to the R. S. Sterling Realty Company. In September 1910 John Wiley
Link moved to Houston from Orange where he had been a prominent leader
in the lumber and building industry as well as mayor. In October he formed
the Houston Land Corporation with a capitalization of $500,000. The new
company listed John Henry Kirby, longtime friend and business associate
of Mr. Link, in addition to H. B. Jackson, R. E. Brooks, W. T. Carter,
B. F. Bonner, Niels Esperson, Frank Andrews, Abe Levy, C. L Neuhaus and
Senator Thomas Ball, all prominent business leaders of the day. The company
began accumulating properties from a variety of owners in Houstonís
South End, including this 23æ-acre parcel containing Block 41. The
Houston Land Corporation, with Mr. Link as president, proceeded to plan
the development of Houstonís first large-scale suburban subdivision.
With the 1900 hurricane in Galveston and the discovery of oil at Spindletop
just four months later, the course of Houstonís history was changed.
Coupled with the expansion of the railroad industry Houston emerged in
the first decade of the 20th century as a center for trade and transportation.
With its population doubling between 1900 and 1910 Houstonís downtown
commercial district haphazardly encroached upon the surrounding residential
neighborhoods. The dawning of the 20th century also brought a change to
the American family and its style of living. The expanding industrial
age economy rapidly produced new modern conveniences, such as gas lighting
and the automobile, intended to simplify daily lives. With these modern
inventions came a nostalgia for the simpler, more amiable, pre-machine
age way of life. The perceived notion that country living was superior
to that of the city prevailed. The design of the modern house now needed
to respond not only to functionality and new modern conveniences, but
also to the desire for a closer relationship with nature. Country retreats
and suburban life fulfilled these desires and with the automobile became
more accessible.
New residential neighborhoods began developing modeled after the private
places of St. Louis. Reflecting popular preferences the exclusive neighborhoods
of Westmorland (1902), Courtlandt Place (1906), Avondale (1907), the Bute
Addition ( ), Hyde Park (1906) and Cherryhurst (1908) were developed.
Extensive landscaping with terraced lawns created park-like settings that
were pivotal to the design of these exclusive residential enclaves. Riding
the wave of real estate driven prosperity in Houston, the Houston Land
Corporation quietly purchased land just to the west of these early neighborhoods.
On October 4, 1911 the Montrose Addition was officially platted into streets
and more than 1000 individual lots, most measuring 50 x 100 feet (see
map ). Plans to spend over 1 million dollars on improvements to the neighborhood,
before any lots were developed, were immediately announced. Deviating
from the street pattern established downtown, the four main thoroughfares,
Montrose, Audubon, Lovett and Yoakum Boulevards, were drawn on a true
north-south grid. Edward Teas Sr., founder of Teas Nursery, transformed
these four boulevards into beautifully landscaped esplanades. Early advertisements
for the area boasted that the Montrose Addition contained 11 of Houstonís
26 miles of paved roads for comfortable travel by automobile. Additionally
there were over 22 miles of concrete curbs and sidewalks, eight miles
of sanitary sewers, seven miles of water mains and many miles of gas mains.
The Montrose Line provided streetcar service between the neighborhood
and downtown. With the City Beautiful movement sweeping the country, the
area was commonly referred to as "Beautiful Montrose" which
also became the title of the companyís sales brochure. Property
became available for purchase on October 11, 1911 and within the first
year sixty-five homes were completed. Over the next ten years the subdivision
flourished, developing steadily and profitably.
In 1911 Mr. Link purchased the entirety of Block 41 in the center of his
Montrose Addition on which to build his own home. Mr. Link commissioned
the noted architectural firm of Sanguinet, Staats & Barnes, one of
the busiest and best known in Texas at the beginning of the twentieth
century, to design his new home using his previous home in Orange Texas
as a model. Building contractor W. H. Young oversaw the construction of
this home.
Between 1885-1926 Marshall R. Sanguinet was one of the most successful
architects in Texas. Aftergraduating from Washington University in St.
Louis, he moved to Fort Worth in 1883, following four years of training
in the office of the St. Louis architect Thomas Walsh. Sanguinet was a
partner in a number of architectural firms including, Sanguinet and Dawson,
Haggart and Sanguinet, Sanguinet and Messer, and finally Messer, Sanguinet
and Messer. The firm of Sanguinet and Staats was formed in 1903. Carl
Staats was trained as a civil engineer. In 1891, at the age of twenty,
he came to Texas from New York to join the office of J. Riely Gordon in
San Antonio. Seven years later (1898) he joined Sanguinet in Fort Worth.
Together the two were responsible for many important commercial and residential
buildings in Fort Worth, Houston, Austin, and Shreveport Louisiana. E.
A Barnes was a civil engineer from Dallas who joined the firm in 1902
and later opened up the firms Houston office. Alfred C. Finn practiced
with the firm in Houston between 1913-15. The firm later became known
as Sanguinet, Staats and Gottlieb (192125) and then Hedrick & Gottlieb
(1925-28). The firm ultimately joined with Wyatt C. Hedrick, their chief
competitor, and became known as Wyatt C. Hedrick & Associates.
The turn of the century was a period of experimentation and reform in
American residential and commercial design. For over twenty-five years
the architectural firm of Sanguinet and Staats was successfully engaged
in a wide variety of projects, many related to the prosperity that was
generated by the oil industry across the southwest. The firm had branch
offices in several cities in Texas including Fort Worth, San Antonio,
Houston, and Wichita Falls. The firmís commercial and residential
designs reflected their ability to integrate contemporary influences with
traditional building forms. Over the course of their distinguished careers
Sanguinet and Staats gained distinction for their stylistic diversity
as well as their numerous towering commercial buildings and private residences
that redefined the expression of cities across the Southwest. Some of
their most recognized designs have included numerous courthouses, the
Dallas Public Library, twenty exchange buildings for the Southwestern
Telephone and Telegraph Company, and thirty-five schools in North Texas.
In Houston, the firmís most notable commercial buildings include
the Old Houston Country Club (1908), the first Methodist Church (1910),
the Post-Dispatch Building (1926), the Medical Arts Building (1926), and
the Old Houston National Bank (1926). They also designed numerous department
stores and bank buildings such as the Amicable Building in Waco (once
recognized as the tallest building in Texas).
Many of Sanguinet and Staats most distinguished commercial buildings and
private residences have been distinguished through individual listing
to the National Register of Historic Places. Their recognized commercial
buildings include the first 8-story building in Texas, the Wilson Building
(1902), the Knights of Pythias Hall (1901), the Flatiron Building (1907),
St. Andrews Episcopal Church (1910), Mt. Gilead Baptist Church (1912),
Burk Burnett Building (1914), W. T. Waggoner Building (1920) Texas Hotel
(1921), the Neil P. Anderson Building (1921), Old Broadway Baptist Church
( ), and St. Mary of the Assumption Church (1923). An equal number of
their private residences have also been so recognized and include the
Wharton-Scott House (1906) and Marshall Sanguinet House (1894) both of
Fort Worth. In Houstonís Courtlandt Place Historic District (NR
listed), one of the earliest 20th century exclusive residential neighborhood
adjacent to the Montrose Addition, six of the eighteen homes were designed
by the firm of Sanguinet and Staats in collaboration with either Alfred
C. Finn, R. D. Gottleib, or E. A. Barnes. Each of these six homes are
individually listed and three (the M. J. Dorrance House, the A. S.Cleveland
House, and the C. L. Neuhaus House) are also Recorded Texas Historic Landmarks.The
Link-Lee House was the first home completed for the subdivision. Costing
over $60,000 the Link-Lee House quickly became a showplace establishing
and promoting the image of gracious living that was available in this
emerging neighborhood. The abstract Neo-Classical style, by no means typical
of the entire neighborhood, became the embodiment of grandeur that Mr.
Link hoped might characterize the main esplanaded boulevards. Advertisements
for the area contended that although ìMontrose was a well-developed
area, with all modern conveniences, for all good peopleî, the price
of individual lots ranged from $1250 on some streets to $7,500 on the
leading boulevards with construction for the typical, more modest, homes
to range between$3,000 and $8,000. Thus the Montrose subdivision was affordable
for all Houstonians. (Beautiful Montrose, Houston Land Corporation Sales
Brochure, 1912).
With the success of the Montrose Addition, together with his previous
experience as businessman and mayor in Orange, Texas, Mr. Link was quickly
acknowledged as one of Houstonís leading entrepreneurs. Prior to
moving to Houston Mr. Link briefly practiced law before entering the timber
and lumber business. In 1902 he purchased a lumber mill from John Henry
Kirby, one of the shrewdest and most colorful lumbermen of his time, and
together with friend L. Miller formed the Miller-Link Lumber Company.
This company soon became one of the largest lumber companies in the state.
Shortly thereafter he became president of the Texas-Louisiana Lumbermanís
Association. Mr. Link is also credited with forming the first paper pulp
mill in the south. Elected mayor of Orange in 1900 he was considered one
of the most active and progressive businessmen of the city. During his
tenure, the streets of the business section were regraded and surfaced
with shell and many new buildings were constructed. Between 1903-1904
Mr. Link, through his lobbying efforts in Washington, was instrumental
in securing deep water in the ports of Beaumont and Orange and established
the Beaumont-Orange Channel. Convinced of Houstonís potential he
moved to Houston and formed the Houston Land Corporation. He became a
member of the Board of Directors for the Houston Chamber of Commerce in
1911, 1912 and again in 1915 and 1916. The success of the Houston Land
Corporation as well as the Montrose Addition can be directly correlated
to the business acumen of John Wiley Link. After selling his interest
in the Houston Land Corporation, Mr. Link moved to Beaumont briefly to
organize the Beaumont Ship Building and Dry Dock Company. He was responsible
for bringing this company into world prominence. Returning to Houston
in 1920 Mr. Link founded the Link Oil Company and was a partner in the
Pierce Junction Oil Company. With family friend and business associate
John Henry Kirby, Link also became vice-president and general manager
of the Kirby Lumber Company and was president of the Lamella Trussless
Roof Company (which built the main hall for the Houstonís 1928
Democratic National Convention in record time). He was president of the
Link- Ford Investment Company, the Polar Wave Ice Company and the Polar
Wave Ice Rink. He was also a director of the Union National Bank, the
San Jacinto Trust Company and the Bankers Trust Company. John Wiley Link
was the first chairman of the board of the American General Life Insurance
Company that was organized in 1926. Along with Gus S. Wortham, B. F. Carruth,
and R. W. Ford, John W. Link was one of the companyís four original
investors. The largest stockholders in the company were John L. Wortham,
Link-Ford Company, J. A. Elkins and Jesse H. Jones. This company developed
into what is now one of the largest insurance and holding companies in
the country. In 1929 Mr. Link left the Kirby Lumber Company to become
president of the Dr. Pepper Company, and was instrumental in the re-organization
and expansion of that company into one of the largest beverage companies
in the South.
The Link family moved into the home in October 1912. As a successful businessman
with six children, Mr. Link entertained lavishly, and his familyís
parties were legendary. The third floor was designed as a ballroom with
a clear dancing space of forty feet with doors opening on to the third
floor terraces to accommodate their numerous guests. In 1916, after the
wedding of their last daughter, the home was sold to oil and businessman
Thomas P. Lee who purchased the home for $90,000, the highest price paid
for a home in Houston to that date.
Born in West Virginia Thomas P. Lee began working in the oil fields of
West Virginia when he was only sixteen years old. In 1903 he moved to
Sour Lake Texas and began working for the newly formed Texas Company.
Associated with the Texas Company for ten years between 1903 and 1913,
he was actively involved in this companyís growth and development.
In 1913, together with J. S. Cullinan, Will C. Hogg, James L. Autry and
E. F. Woodward, T. P. Lee formed and became president of the Farmers Petroleum
Company. In 1916, the same year he purchased the house from the Links,
Mr. Lee and his associates formed the American Republics Corporation.
For over forty years Mr. Lee was associated with the petroleum industry
and engaged in almost every aspect of that prospering industry. In 1926
he was considered one of the industryís leaders and experts. Throughout
his career he was also affiliated with the Fidelity Trust Company in Houston
and Citizens National Bank in Sour Lake. During his presidency of the
Petroleum Building Company he built a twenty-one story office building
as the companyís headquarters which was located at the corner of
Austin Street and Texas Avenue in downtown Houston.
The
Lee family, consisting of six daughters, soon found their home in Montrose
too small. In 1922 Mr. Lee commissioned noted architect Alfred Finn to
design an addition to the northwest corner of the house. Finn's design
included enclosing an existing first floor sleeping porch and constructing
a second story above the existing first floor kitchen. The home remained
in the Lee family until 1946 when Mrs. Lee sold the house and property
to the Catholic Diocese of Galveston on behalf of the Basilian Fathers
of Toronto to establish the first co-educational Basilian university in
the United States as well as the first co-educational undergraduate Catholic
university in Texas, the University of St. Thomas. The Universityís
charter was granted on April 28, 1947 and the university opened its doors
on September 22, 1947 with fifty-seven students enrolled. Since 1947 the
home has been continuously used as the Administration Building for the
University of St. Thomas.
The Link-Lee House not only marked an era of beautiful residential building
in Houston but also established Montrose as a fashionable residential
neighborhood for the city. As the work of prestigious architects, the
homeís architectural design, exquisite craftsmanship, and detailing
represents an intact example of the non-historical kind of architectural
design that was developing and a unique deviation from the prevalent residential
architectural styles of the period. Soon after completion the Link-Lee
House gained recognition as a landmark in southwest Houston, and remains
today as an important architectural and cultural resource for our city,
conveying a strong sense of time and place. The building stands boldly
among its neighbors as a reflection of the early twentieth century building
aesthetics and architectural tastes and styles. As one of the few remaining
original residences of this magnitude along Montrose Boulevard the Link-Lee
House retains a high degree of its integrity of location, design, setting,
materials, workmanship, feeling and associations to remain architecturally
and culturally significant. The home remains a visible statement of an
important segment of Houstonís early 20th century development. |
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